Asia Cafe Research free essay sample

More recently, they have become less ubiquitous due to growing affluence in the urban populations of Malaysia. They are increasingly being replaced by food courts, which are indoor, air conditioned versions of hawker centres located in shopping malls and other commercial venues. In many cases, food court was built partly to address the problem of unhygienic food preparation by unlicensed street hawkers. Therefore food court was initiated in the 1990s and they became popular in shopping malls, business centres, entertainment centre, tourist areas and airports. . 1. 2 Asia Cafe Company Asia Cafe food court, located at the site of a former cinema in Jalan SS15/8, Subang Jaya, has 70 stalls offering local and international cuisine as well as an Internet cafe and recreational pool centre. According to Mr. Yeo, the Asia Cafe assistant manager, it is the first venture with such combination in Malaysia by Datuk Cheah Suan Lee, 44, and his wife, Datin June Khoo Ewe See, 43, following the coup le’s success in opening a chain of restaurants offering Malaysian dishes in the United States. We will write a custom essay sample on Asia Cafe Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Asia Cafe was open since January 16 2005, which can seat 3,000 people and has a parking area that can accommodate about 100 cars, is open from 7am to 4am daily. 1. 2 Problem Statement Food courts are becoming more popular in Malaysia because it offers a variety of inexpensive food under one roof. Food court patrons are increasing since 1990s and are expected to have higher growth, propelled by the consumer’s changing lifestyle of eating-out. In today’s society, due to dual careers, consumers have less time preparing food at home. Nowadays, people tend to eat outside to save time and effort, yet they are looking for variety and quality at an affordable price. They provide an opportunity to Asia Cafe to increase their sales with the growing consumption. Largely due to the high competition in Malaysia, hawkers and food court operators are strategising in terms of food quality, food varieties, value of meals, environment and amenities of restaurant. According to the survey conducted by Stanton et al. (2002), there are more than 80,500 food service businesses operating in Malaysian market. Positive customer satisfaction level is found to be dominant cause for customer patronage. In order to gain competitive advantage over competitors, Asia Cafe needs to have more comprehensive understanding of the various factors that influence customer satisfaction. 1. 3 Research Objectives The main purpose of this study attempts to elaborate that food court factors that influence the customer satisfaction. It is increasingly important for food operators to understand what they offer to satisfy patrons, given the more competitive environment. Hence, the research objectives are: 1. To investigate the demographic characteristics of patrons in Asia Cafe. 2. To determine which factors have a significant influence on the customer satisfaction in Asia Cafe. 1. 4 Research Questions The study intends to seek answers to the following research questions: a) What are the demographic characteristics of the patrons of Asia Cafe? b) Does the quality of food, quality of service, value of meal, ambience and amenities offered by Asia Cafe significantly influence the customer satisfaction? . 5 Significance of Study The results of this research is useful to help Asia Cafe management better understand which factors have the most significant influence on its target customer satisfaction. The management would be able to identify the factors that they could improve on. More effective strategies can be executed to increase customer satisfaction and thus encouraging them to return. In the long run, the customer loyalty can be maintained and poten tially bring a massive revenue into Asia Cafe. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2. Introduction This part contains the literature review that had been conducted for this research in the past. The following are literature review providing readers brief understanding on customer satisfaction and factors influencing customer satisfaction. 1. Customer Satisfaction Customer satisfaction is a person’s feeling of pleasure or disappointment resulting comparing a product’s perceived performance or outcome in relation to his or her expectation (Armstrong and Kotler, 2000). Customer satisfaction is a very important factor in obtaining and maintaining customer loyalty which refers to customer’s likelihood to return and their willingness to engage in a partnership with the company (Bowen and Shoemaker, 2003; Shoemaker and Lewis, 1999; Robinson et al. , 2005). Loyal customers are more likely to form a communal relationship with the company (Shoemaker and Lewis 1999; Robinson et al. , 2005) Therefore, it is extremely important for the business to attain customer loyalty by satisfying customers to be successful in their long term business as the competition is getting fierce. As a result, it is necessary for restaurants to understand the factors influencing customer satisfaction. 2. Previous studies on factors influencing customer satisfaction and loyalty toward restaurants 1. Quality of food Some of previous findings suggest that the quality of food is key determinants in consumer satisfaction and loyalty (Clark and Wood, 1998, Jang and Matilla, 2005). It is known that quality of food and fresh ingredients have already been rated as the most important reasons why customers return to a restaurant (Brumback, 1998; Soriano, 2002). Quality of food is evaluated by several variables such as menu variety, tastiness of food, food consistency (Kivela, 2000); Soriano also agreed to Kivela in terms of the importance of menu which is a great selling tool for the restaurant sector (Bowen and Morris, 1995; Soriano, 2002). Generally, the restaurants offer a wide variety of options from which to choose and so enable customers to determine the menu which lead them to offer quality service (Iglesias and Guillen, 2004). 2. Price According to Teboul (1991), the price to be paid for a service determines, in the customer’s mind, the level of quality to be demanded. As dining out is an integral part of Malaysian’s lifestyles, in these kind of situations, experienced consumers have raised their expectations with regard to quality, good service and environment, while seeking a better value for their money (Klara, 2001; Soriano, 2002). Apart from that, previous research highlights that restaurant managers must know the so-called internal reference price of their potential customers, which can be measured through the mean price that they expect to pay for the service offered by their restaurants (Pedraja and Yague, 2002 ). 3. Service The results of previous study also showed that service are strong contributory factors for customer satisfaction which leads to return patronage (Kivela et al. , 2000). Service is evaluated by four variables such as friendly polite and helpful staff, attentive staff, staff greeting customers, and staff who is willing to serve (Kivela et al. , 2000). Based on the research done by Iglesias and Guillen (2004), the relationship between the restaurant staff and the clientele means that there is a high potential for variability in the service, given that service quality can vary from one employee to another, from one customer to another, etc. In the last decade, customers have also been increasingly concerned about the quality of service when choosing restaurants. However, it is normally very difficult to satisfy every single customer and form long-lasting customer relationships. To overcome that, service staff can be hired or retrained on the basis of interpersonal skills, and relationship work can be explicitly encouraged by others and the employees themselves (Kivela et al. , 2000). 4. Place Retail atmosphere is often distinguished in terms of the amount and types of effect perceived within an environment (Turley and Chebat, 2002). In a service context, the environment is a key intangible that helps distinguish successful from the unsuccessful service firms that achieve customer satisfaction (Laroche et al. , 2001). Consumers often find that environments filled with prestige-oriented goods are intrinsically rewarding which the research supports a positive relationship between service quality and consumer satisfaction, as better service equates to better performance, an increased likelihood of fulfilled expectations, and correspondingly higher levels of satisfaction (Caruana et al. , 2000; Babbin et al. , 2005). Kivela suggested that parking convenience also can be very influential factors for consumers to choose restaurant (Kivela et al. , 2000). For example, in Hong Kong, there are almost no on-street parking facilities, and off-street parking is often expensive. Many restaurants, however, offer valet parking and will either contribute towards the cost of parking, for example the first hour, or in some cases will pay for the parking bill. As a result, many diners in Hong Kong are particularly are satisfied with the parking service and swayed to return to the restaurants (Kivela et al. , 2000). To gain a competitive advantage in today’s market, offering good food and good service is not enough factors to satisfy customers various needs but restaurants need to offer meals that has good value in a favourable ambience (Soriano, 2002) while other researchers found that some form of Internet activity would be an amenity to increase customers satisfaction (Susskind and Chan, 2000; Soriano, 2002). In sum, quality of food, quality of service, value of meal, ambience and amenities of the restaurants are some important variables that may significantly influence customer satisfaction of the restaurant industry. CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 3. Introduction This chapter explains the research design, data collection method, sampling plan, research questions, hypotheses, measurement of variables, and data analysis plan. 1. Research Design The researchers decided to use both exploratory and descriptive research. Qualitative data was collected by using depth interview and quantitative data using survey. 3. 2 Data Collection Method 3. 2. 1 Depth interview Data collected through in-depth interview provide background information on Asia Cafe and its founder. Prior to the interview, permission was obtained to have the whole interview audio recorded. The interviewee acknowledged that the interview would be used for research purpose only. A one hour in-depth interview was conducted with Mr. Yeo, the assistant manager of Asia Cafe. The manager’s office was chosen as the location. An interviewer’s outline was developed by the researchers (see Appendix A). The questions asked were based on the company’s background and issues related to customer satisfaction. At the end of the interview, the company stamp and the manager’s signature were obtained to show proof of permission to conduct the survey. The researchers recorded the interview using a tape recorder, and later transcribe it. 3. 2. 2Survey A pilot study of 10 students was conducted to pre-test the questionnaire (see Appendix B). The pre-testing was important to detect any ambiguity or bias in the questions. The survey was conducted using self-administered questionnaire. Respondents at Asia Cafe were asked to complete a questionnaire on the spot, which would last three to five minutes per respondent. 3. 3 Sampling The target population was any college students or working adults who were patronizing Asia Cafe. Convenience sample was carried out on 200 respondents who were most conveniently available at Asia Cafe. 100 questionnaires were distributed in the afternoon session and another 100 questionnaires were distributed in the evening session. 3. 5 Hypotheses To answer the second research question, five hypotheses were developed from the literature review. H1:The quality of food by Asia Cafe significantly influences the customer satisfaction. H2:The quality of service by Asia Cafe significantly influences the customer satisfaction. H3:The value of meal by Asia Cafe significantly influences the customer satisfaction. H4:The ambience of Asia Cafe significantly influences the customer satisfaction. H5:The amenities of Asia Cafe significantly influence the customer satisfaction. 3. 6 Measurement of Variables The survey questionnaire was developed by the group members (see Appendix B). The questionnaire contains 33 questions in total, which can be categorised into 3 main sections. In section A, five nominal-scaled questions were set to obtain demographic characteristics of respondents, such as gender, race, marital status, highest qualification, and employment status. Ordinal scales were used for another two demographic variables such as age and monthly salary/allowance. Section B consists of four nominal-scaled questions on respondent’s preferred kind of food at Asia Cafe, visit frequency, visit time, and how respondents get to know about Asia Cafe. A seven –point interval scale was used to rate the overall satisfaction level of Asia Cafe. In section C, 21 seven-point Likert-scaled questions were used to identify respondent’s opinions towards the five independent variables (quality of food, quality of service, value of meal, ambience and amenities). REFERENCES: 1. Andaleeb, S. and Conway, C. (2006) Customer satisfaction in the restaurant industry: an examination of the transaction-specific model. Journal of Services Marketing. 20 (1) 3-11, online, date accessed 24 November 2006, Available from: http://www. emeraldinsight. com 2. Armstrong, G. and Kotler, P. (2000) Marketing an introduction, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, Inc. 3. Babbin, B. et al (2005), Modeling consumer satisfaction and word-of-mouth: restaurant patronage in Korea, Journal of Services Marketing,19(3), online, date ccessed 18 January 2007, Available from: http://hermia. meraldinsight. com 4. Clark, M. and Wood, R. (1998), Consumer loyalty in the restaurant industry a preliminary exploration of the issues, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 10(4), online, date accessed 15 January 2007, Available from: http://hermia. emeraldinsight. com 5. Iglesias, M. and Guillen, M. (2004), Perceived quality and price: their impact on the satisfaction of r estaurant customers, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 16(6), online, date accessed 18 January 2007,Available from: http://hermia. emeraldinsight. om 6. Jang, D. and Mattila, A. (2005), An examination of restaurant loyalty programs: what kinds of rewards do customers prefer? , International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, online, date accessed 10 December 2006,Available from: http://hermia. emeraldinsight. com 7. Kivela, J. et al. (1999), Consumer research in the restaurant environment. Part 3: analysis, findings and conclusions, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management ,online, date accessed 15 January 2007, Available from: http://www. emeraldinsight. com 8. Pedraja, M. Yague, M. J. (2002), The components of total perceived price: an empirical analysis in restaurant services, Journal of Foodservice Business Research, Vol. 5 No. 1, pp. 1-22. 9. Robinson, C. et al (2005), Recreating cheers: an analysis of relationship mar keting as an effective marketing technique for quick-service restaurants, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 17(7), online, date accessed 1 December 2006,Available from: http://hermia. emeraldinsight. com 10. Solomon M. R. , 2006, Consumer Behaviour: Buying, Having and Being. 7th ed. New Jersey, Pearson-Prentice Hall. 11. Soriano, D. (2002), Customers’ expectations factors in restaurants the situation in Spain, International Journal of Quality Reliability Management, 19(8/9), online, date accessed on 1 December 2006, Available from: http://www. emeraldinsight. com 12. Teboul, J. (1991), Managing Quality Dynamics, Prentice-Hall, London. 13. Turley, L. , Chebat, J. -C. (2002), Linking retail strategy, atmospheric design and shopping behaviour, Journal of Marketing Management, Vol. 18 No. 1-2, pp. 125-44. APPENDIX A Interviewer’s Outline . When was Asia Cafe established? 2. Why it is called Asia Cafe? 3. What is the main concept of Asia Cafe? 4 . Where does the concept come from? 5. Have you ever been involved in food industry before? 6. Who are the target markets of Asia Cafe? 7. What is the main reason for choosing Subang Jaya as business location? 8. How did you see the opportunities to open a food court in SS15? 9. How Asia Cafe business has been running since it was opened? 10. Do you have any future business plans on to open more branches? APPENDIX B QUESTIONNAIRE Dear Sir / Madam, We are students from INTI Subang Jaya College who are currently undertaking B. A (Hons) Marketing in University of Hertfordshire. In order to complete our market research assignment, we are assigned to conduct a questionnaire based on â€Å"The factors that influence the customer satisfaction in Asia Cafe, SS 15†. Please assist us by filling up this questionnaire, all the information you provide is only meant for academic purposes and strictly confidential. Thank you for your co-operation. [pic] SECTION A Please answer the questions below and indicate your answer for the following statements. Please tick (where appropriate) 1. What gender are you? [ ] Male [ ] Female 2. What ethnic type are you? [ ] Malay [ ] Chinese [ ] Indian [ ] Others (Please specify)___________________________ 3. Which of the following age group you belong to? [ ] 16-25 [ ] 26-35 [ ] 36-45 [ ] 46-55 [ ] Over 55 4. What is your marital status? [ ] Single [ ] Married [ ] Divorced [ ] Widowed 5. What is your highest qualification? [ ] Secondary [ ] Pre-U [ ] Diploma [ ] Bachelor’s Degree [ ] Master’s Degree [ ] Doctorate . What is your employment status? [ ] Students [ ] Professional [ ] White collar worker [ ] Blue collar worker [ ] Unemployed [ ] Others (Please specify)_______________________ 7. Which of the following represent your monthly salary/allowance? [ ] Less than RM 1,000 [ ] RM1, 001- RM 2,000 [ ] RM 2,001- RM 3,000 [ ] RM 3,001- RM 4,000 [ ] More than RM 4,000 SECTION B Please answer the questions below and indicate your answer for the following statements. (Please tick (where appropriate) 8. What kind of foods do you prefer? ] Chinese cuisine [ ] Indian cuisine [ ] Malay cuisine [ ] Western cuisine [ ] Japanese cuisine [ ] Others (Please specify) _______________________ 9. How often do you patronize Asia cafe? [ ] Everyday [ ] 2 – 3 times a week [ ] Once a week [ ] 2 – 3 times a month [ ] Others (Please specify) _______________________ 10. When do you usually go to Asia Cafe? [ ] Breakfast hour [ ] Lunch hour [ ] Tea time hour [ ] Dinner hour [ ] Supper hour 11. How did you get to know about Asia Cafe? [ ] Newspaper / Magazine ] Friends [ ] Study / Live / Work nearby [ ] Previous visit [ ] Others (Please specify) ______________________ 12. Please rate your OVERALL Satisfaction Level in Asia Cafe. Please circle your answer 1 Extremely Poor 2 Very Poor 3 Fairly Poor 4 Moderate 5 Fairly Good 6 Very Good 7 Excellent SECTION C 13. Please rate the factors that influence your SATISFACTION LEVEL of Asia Cafe (Please tick ( where appropriate) 1 – Extremely Poor 2 – Very Poor 3 – Fairly Poor 4 – Moderate 5 – Fairly Good 6 – Very Good 7 – Excellent Quality of food |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 | |Innovative food |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | |Presentation of food |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | |Food consistency (always taste the same) |   |   |   |   |   |à ‚   |   | |Tastiness of food and beverage |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | Quality of service |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 | |Knowledge of food and beverage |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | |Equipment and appearance of employee |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | |Politeness of employee |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | |Waiting time before food / beverage arriving |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | Cost / Value of meal |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 | |Value of beverage |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | |Ambience |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 | |Level of noise |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | |Level of cleanliness | | | | | | | | |Food court’s temperature |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | Amenities |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 |Not applicable | |Washroom | | | | | | | | | |Internet Service | | | | | | | | | |Pool Centre | | | | | | | | | |Large screen projector and TV | | | | | | | | | ( Thank you for your participation. ( * Yo u may tick more than 1 * You may tick more than 1 * You may tick more than 1

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A Discussion of Control Infection in Healthcare

Introduction Control infections have become more high profile than ever before and have seen the prevention and control during the early years of the twenty-first century. Infection is incontrollable and inevitably devastating, it is a painful fact of life, which is the cause of enormous health problems and the chief cause of death. Infection control is essential in all general care settings in which patients receive health and social care and this will protect the healthcare workers, patients and visitor from hazards and risks.This research concentrates predominantly on infection control in healthcare settings, including the policy of infection prevention related to health and safety policy in the UK for both hospitals and communities under Hygiene Code of Practice in 2006 and the policies and procedures through the prevention and control, which are related to the guidance of infection under the Health and Social Care Act 2008, in order minimise the prevalence of infection and to pr otect the health and safety of both healthcare workers and patient (Department of Health, 2006).In addition, this research contains several issues of risk of spreading infections in healthcare environment and the facilities. Moreover, this research will not disclose or breach any sensitive and confidential information under the Confidentiality Act 2008 (NMC, 2008). Searching the literature A methodical search was conducted using the following systematic which is applicable to the databases, including Medline, CINAHL and PubMed which were searched by using the words â€Å"control infection’ cross-referenced with â€Å"hospital† with 36,000 data results.In addition, several databases were used to compare the changes of ratio from 2002 to 2012. However, several results were not included due to lack of evidence and being non-published. In addition, the university library website was used in order to collect adequate information related to infection by setting on engine th e words infection control cross-referenced statistic†, which gives the hits of 1300 journals and research articles. The articles were considered eligible if reviewed by a reliable publisher, including Oxford journal and BJI. These journals and research articles were reported as an original research, in hich a researcher examined the relationship between the public and the health care setting and these used to review the previous report to collect the updated data. However, more than 50 data were excluded due to inadequate evidence and lack of information related to infection control. Moreover, the majority research was conducted under eligible originations where successfully collected all the relevant data which related to infection control, including Parliamentary, Department of Health, Health Protection Agency and National Audit Office.These organisations were used to identify and review the implication between the statistics of infection and health providers, such as the in fection control professionals. These databases were developed to standardise the protocols for classification and identification of infection prevalence, which have been widely adopted for researchers throughout the world. In addition, this research used altered books to provide information and evidence in order to support the data that have been undertaken from different publisher.The Royal Marsden Hospital Manual Clinical Nursing Procedures (2011) and Infection Prevention Control (2007), books contained information regarding the principles of infection control. Main Body Florence Nightingale is perhaps the first nurse on record to acknowledge the importance of infection control and she initiated the infection control protocols through gathering information and demonstrates the reduction of mortality of infection (Perry 2007). Florence Nightingale noted that during the Crimean War more patients were dying from infections than from certain injuries.However, Quan (2006) stated that, Florence Nightingale did not believe in the presence of microorganism, she found that putting together an ill patient in one area with inadequate space, ventilation and light contributed to the spread of infections. Dougherty & Lister (2011) highlighted that, people who are in hospital or receiving healthcare elsewhere have an increased vulnerability to infection, due to the fact that being in a hospital puts patients in closer proximity to other people with infection conditions. According to the Kings Fund (2012), stated that one of the major concerns of patients and the public are he result of high rates of healthcare-associated infections across the NHS. In addition, healthcare-associated infections are infections that are acquired across hospital and other health care environment, including community and hospital, or due to result of a health care intervention and procedure. According to the Department of Health (2004), it stated that Healthcare Associated Infection (HCAI) is a fatal problem of NHS There are 300,000 patients every year developing HAIs and it is estimated that during a patient’s duration stay in the UK hospital, around 1 in 10 patients can pick up an infection.The National Audit Of? ce (2006) estimates that HAIs contributes to the death of around 5,000 patients each year and costs the NHS up to ? 1 billion per year in the UK. According to the Parliament (2009), it highlights that HAIs, is a consequence of infections, which are acquired from a patient’s treatment by a healthcare worker during the course of their duties. These are often identified in care setting, but can also be associated with medical care delivered in a community.HAIs begins from micro-organisms which a patient carries safely on skin or body and eventually this will become a problem when the micro-organisms have a prospect to breech the body’s defences as a result, for example, intravenous devices, catheterisation and open wound (Dougherty & Lister, 20 11). Furthermore, the Department of Health (2004), has found that infected patients are around 7 times more likely to die in hospital than uninfected patients.The mortality rate of patients in the UK each year is estimated to be around 5, 000 as a direct result of HAIs, which is one of the causes of another 15,000 deaths. Parliament (2011) the prevalence of healthcare-associated infections, which was conducted in 2006 in hospitals in England 8. 2% Moreover, according to Doebbeling et al (2012) who conducted a research to identify commonly cited programmes absorbed throughout a wide variety of HAIs projects and hospital settings it has been revealed that in one year of tudies found in hospitals with an infection control team were more likely to reduced the incidence of HAIs by up to 33%. This research proved by Gamage et al (2012) through conducting further studies in all healthcare providers with infection control team in hospital, which eventually reported almost half per cent in t he reduction of the prevalence rate of HAIs from 10. 5% to 5. 6%. However, the survey has revealed found that healthcare provider with no infection control programme has been persistently increasing the prevalence rate in HAIs of up to 18%.On the contrary, the Nursing and Midwifery Council’s Code of Professional Conduct (2002) argues that nurses are accountability to act as an advocate to prevent HAIs. This statement supported by the NMC Code of Professional and Conduct (2004), highlighted that, nurses must act in order to isolate and minimise risk of patients and it should not regularly defendable to infection control team, which also reinforced by the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 places a duty on healthcare providers to avoid the risk of infections if technically as possible (Jeanes, 2005).Dougherty & Lister (2004) stressed that, the standard of care, which set by senior staff often misled by healthcare workers, including the policy and procedure of infection control, such the Personal Protective Equipment Regulations Act 1992 (PPE). This is supported by Atkins (2001), that some of the staff did not have enough time to attend mandatory training for infection control, which shows negative impact of unawareness for infection control protocols and procedures, which eventually cause of poor level of care, such as lack of hygiene, which lead to HAIs.However, Perry (2007) argued that lack of standard of care is often not the cause of HAIs, due to the fact, that before the admission of most patients to hospital have already been acquired infections. This statement supported by NHS (2006), before patients decided to be admitted to hospital, the symptoms of infection have already occurred and in this case the health care provider should not be criticised for the increasing number of HAIs. According to the report of National Audit Office (2008), there are 79% of nfection control programme in NHS Trust, which mostly complied to the measurement of effective ness of infection control, such as standards setting and audit. However, only 11% was formally approved for the infection control programme that may reduce the programme’s authority within several NHS Trusts. In addition, stated, 66 % is the required data of infection that needs to be collected, unfortunately, due to lack of computer software and hardware, only 27% was calculated the rates of infection.In this case, 60% of infection control teams considered being unsatisfied with the support of NHS Trust due to inadequate clerical support, which may affect the performance in improving infection control (National Audit Office, 2011). In addition, Kings Fund (2012), the impact of large-scale cuts to the NHS has been widely reported and discussed in which the healthcare providers are concerned with the increasing incidence of HAIs in the UK.According to a latest survey for GPs and doctors in hospital, which was conducted in 2011, the report found that due to large-scale cuts by the government, the incidence of HAIs will be possibly increase in 2012 and it can have negative impact on healthcare providers . The survey found that, 79% of the 664 health workers, who participated in the survey, stated that it could be more challenging to tackle the prevalence of HAIs, due to a reduction of support of occupational health services and this eventually affects fewer patients getting effective care that is needed to prevent HAIs (National Audit Office, 2011).According to the Health Protection Agency (2008), highlighted that the department of commission in 2006 conducted the following year survey and found that 75, 694 patients were surveyed within acute care hospitals in the UK and 5,743 had HAIs, which gives a prevalence rate of 7. 95%. However, in the national survey, which was conducted in 2005, the reports found that the prevalence rate of HAIs was 8%, the statement shows that the prevalence rate of HAIs in 2005 was slightly higher with 0. % compared to 2006 sur vey (Health Protection Agency, 2005). Ultimately, Parliament (2006) found that the most common site of HAIs were Urinary tract infections with 23. 2%, Lower respiratory tract infections with 22. 9%; Surgical site infections 10. 7%; Bloodstream infections (Bacteraemia) 6. 2%; Skin and soft tissue infections 9. 6%; Other 27. 4%. It clearly shows in the report by Parliament 2006, that the highest rate of HAIs was urinary tract infections with up to 23. %. This report supported by National Healthcare Safety Network (2011) states that urinary tract infection (UTIs) are the most common factor of HAIs and most patients who have acquired urinary tract infection in the hospital approximately 75% are linked with urinary catheter, which is a tube inserted into a bladder through the urethra to drain the urine. The prevalence rate of patients who receive urinary catheters during the duration of stay in hospital is between 15-25%.Charlett et. al. (2009) stated that, long-term catheterisation is f requently used for older patient and others for management options, where different treatments for bladder dysfunction are unsuitable or ineffective . In the UK, a district nurse’s caseload for the long-term catheterisation has been estimated to be around 4% and the catheterised patients prevalence in nursing homes is approximately 9% and possibly up to 40% in some areas (Health Protection Agency,2008),Moreover, Getliffe and Newton (2006) carried a sample of research of small representatives of patients’ records from nursing homes, hospitals and district nurses in which 3 PCTs was undertaken. The survey of CAUTIs resulted in 50% response rate from both the nursing homes and the hospitals 57% and 62. 5 respectively but only 6. 5% from the district nurses, due to problems in distribution of questionnaires to some district nurses. The results found that up to 8. % respondents in the community and hospitals considered that the continuation of urinary catheterisation is use d management option for older patient to prevent bladder dysfunction. On the contrary, a recent research which was carried out Badoz et al (2007) found that the studies of 4010 older patients (65 years old) living in both hospitals and the community in 11 European countries and the prevalence reported of indwelling catheter use was 5. % (range 0-23%) and the result found that, the risk of CAUTIs infections was 6. 5 times greater and catheterised patients were more likely to die within a year than those for patients non-catheterised Furthermore, the majority of existing surveillance on CAUTIs has been conducted in acute care settings, where usually the health of the patient is already compromised by co-morbidities, due to a long period of insertion of the urinary catheter.The study revealed that in primary and community care setting, the prevalence rate of CAUTIs and other healthcare-associated infections are significantly lower (Department of Health, 2003). However, Badoz et al (200 7) specified that, catheterisation is linked with evident risks, which is the most common cause of CAUTIs and CAUTIs are commonly documented as a major source of HAIs in the UK and frequency of catheter use makes substantial overall morbidity for patients and a cost to the NHS.This statement is reinforced by Pellowe (2009), that the recent debate is fuelled due to the fact that patient use catheter is associated with high morbidity of CAUTIs, which accounts for 80% of HAIs. On the other hand, Addison and Foxley (2008) stated that, CAUTIs are frequently seen as the acceptable and tolerable cause of urinary catheterisation carried out for a range of purposes, such as instillation of drugs and intractable incontinence. On the contrary, urinary catheter use is linked with a variety of adverse effects, involving death (Pellowe, 2009).This supported by Nicolle (2008) stated that, the two most important solutions in order to prevent CAUTIs are not to use a catheter and if a catheter is nee ded to minimise the period of use, catheter must be inserted only when there are acceptable symptoms and removed as soon as they are no longer indicated and CAUTIs perchance evaded for some male patient through using external condom catheter. The study revealed that this occurred for 28% of catheterised patients.Furthermore, the majority of existing surveillance was conducted in primary and community care settings; the prevalence rate of CAUTIs is significantly lower (Department of Health, 2003. In recent studies of 4010 older patients (65 years old) living in the community, the prevalence reported of indwelling catheter use was 5. 4% (range 0-23%) and the result found that, the risk of catheter-associated urinary tract infections was 6. 5 times greater and catheterised patients were more likely to die within a year than those for patients with non-catheterised (Getliffe & Newton, 2006).On the contrary, according to the RCN (2008) found that around 22% of healthcare workers were not aware and uncertain the role of guidelines for the prevention of CAUTIs of several healthcare providers. This is supported by Pellowe (2009) that, the reasons of an increasing prevalence of CAUTIs in hospital and community is due to relatives of patient that is lack of knowledge about infections and those part-time health workers who do not undertake with mandatory training which is mandated by the Health and Social Care Act 2008 that is came into force in April 2009.The Health Protection Scotland (2009) urinary catheterisation is a routine procedure regularly carried out by qualified nurses, however, several numbers of health workers are not aware of the risk of catheter-associated urinary tract infections which related to the procedure and less likely to meet the necessities in performing catheterisation, due to the fact, that some healthcare workers are skill deficiency and lack of expertise (Bissett, 2005).This supported by Humphries (2011) that reports have repeatedly shown th at several healthcare workers who do not perform hand hygiene before and after performing nursing task is one of the major reasons of the increasing number of CAUTIs. In this case, health workers and patients can leave as many as 1,000 colony-forming units of Klebsiella species on hands more likely to acquire gram-negative bacilli and staphylococcous aureus, which are reported causes of HAIs (Pellowe, 2004).On the contrary, Hadaway (2009) stated that, lifting a patient and touching anything in a patient’s room before performing certain nurses tasks, even after performing hand hygiene is unavoidable, due to the fact, that these are the daily routines of a healthcare workers role in order to ensure the health and safety of a patient. National Hand Hygiene NHS Campaign (2007), defines hand hygiene, as â€Å" the entrance door to better infection control and safer patient care†.Hand hygiene techniques have been implemented for many years into healthcare workers daily routi ne, the NHS have been evaluated on the proper technique to wash hands after being in close contact with patients or after performing certain treatments with patients. Performing hand hygiene thoroughly will certainly be beneficial for both healthcare workers and patients to prevent risk in HAIs (Wendt, 2004).According to Pratt et al, (2007), stated that, existing evidence-based strategies determine that in outbreak settings, contaminated hands of both healthcare workers and patient’s visitors are responsible for transmitting infections and that effective hand decontamination can significantly diminish HAIs rates in high-risk areas, such as operating theatre. Furthermore, Pessoa & Silva (2004) highlighted that studies revealed of epidemiological evidence determine that hand-mediated transmission is recognised as the most contributing element the present infection risks to hospital in-patients.This statement reinforced by Pratt et al, (2007), that hand decontamination before an d after contact with patients is essential in order to prevent transmission of germs. In addition, according to the Department of Health (2006), the NHS Code of Practice on the Prevention and Control of Healthcare Associated Infection, which came into force in October 2006, was established to support health care providers in the UK in order to plan and implement policies for HAIs.These include the criteria by which healthcare providers and managers of NHS ensure patients must perform hand hygiene for clean environment in order to keep the risk of HAIs as low as possible. According to Pittet (2002), the importance of adherence to the guidance of hand hygiene will certainly provide an outline of the effects and aspects that impact on the hand hygiene compliance, which emphasised the national and international guidelines.Furthermore, the issue regarding hand hygiene was addressed in excellence principles for hospital cleanliness, which has developed by the Infection Control Nurses Asso ciation and the Association of Domestic Mangers (NHS, 2004). According to Wendt, C. et al (2004) stated that patients are more likely to put at risk and increase the chance for developing HAIs once informal healthcare workers in contact with patient are not performing hand hygiene properly.It is essential that hands must be decontaminated before every period of care, which includes direct interaction with patients’ food or skin and in order to minimize cross contamination of the healthcare environment (Boyce and Pittet, 2002). However, healthcare workers should not always be responsible for the increasing numbers in spreading HAIs, due to the number of patients admitted in the hospital who have already acquired infections and healthcare workers have no time to assess the patient, due to short staffing (McGuckin, 2004).This is supported by the RCN, Chief Executive & General Secretary Dr Peter Carter, stated that the outcome of cutting staff numbers by up to a quarter and termi nating almost third of nursing jobs will certainly have a deep and possibly dangerous impact on patient health and safety (RCN, 2011). Moreover, El-Masri and Oldfield (2012) stated that healthcare workers are aware of the policy and procedure of hand hygiene and it should be performed before and after contact with patients and the truth of the matter, is nurses and doctors have more behaviour problem than a knowledge problem.Furthermore, Erasmus et al (2010) conducted a research of hand hygiene behaviour to explore the practicality and effects of hand hygiene behaviour of nurses, research design 17 nurses which is equivalent to 25% were invited to participate. The nurses had been observed for 3 weeks intervention for hand hygiene behaviour and the result found only 10% of 25% of nurses had performed hand hygiene, which is far too low.This research supported by Creedon (2008) explores healthcare workers’ compliance with behaviour hand hygiene in four acute care hospitals in Ir eland and the result revealed that the highest non-compliance by behaviour is the Doctors and medical students at 41% of indications, which was followed by nurses and student nurses at 28%. However, healthcare workers are aware of recommendations concerning hand hygiene, but education and knowledge do not in themselves motivate HHB (McGuckin et al, 2004).In recent years, hand washing with water and soap had been considered as the right amount of personal hygiene; however, the evidence concerning the hand washing and the spread of illness has only been proven in the last 20years (Kumperus, 2010). According to Ignaz Semmelweis and Oliver Wendell Holmes the mid-1800s, found that HAIs, is known to be caused by infectious agents, which are transmitted through hands (Cole, 2007).It was acknowledged healthcare providers the important measure of hand hygiene, which can significantly lower the danger of disease, in particular among vulnerable children in the UK (Trick, 2008). On the contrary , frequency hand hygiene can increase skin dehydration and replace the altered or depleted skin lipids that contribute to the barrier function of normal skin Several studies found that more than 30 times of regular hand hygiene can cause skin damage and irritation (Jenner et al, 2006).Moreover, according to Giuliano et al (2012) stated that alcohol gel hand rubs are more effective to prevent the transmission of potential pathogens from health worker’s hands to patients than hand washing with plain or anti-microbial soap. This statement argued by McGuckin et al (2004) that hand rubs gel is only used as a hand cleaner in some circumstances but washing hand with ati-microbial soap and water is important, especially if your hands are visibly contaminated with blood or body fluids and hand washing techniques will certainly have certainly reduced the contamination rates significantly.Conclusion Healthcare-associated infection remains a problem for the community, hospitals and other healthcare providers. The factors, which have continue to drive, the concerning growth in HAIs are numerous but well known. Particularly with patients, which heightens their susceptibility and vulnerability to HCAIs through weakened immunity. In addition, the cost of healthcare-associated infections in the UK is high which is around ? 1 billion per year.The involvement of healthcare workers in assessing the cost of infection and prevention control programmes will certainly reduce the increasing number of HCAs, which can be benefited in NHS and major savings can be achieved. In addition, the healthcare workers must have clear understanding of the latest infection and prevention control recommendations, which healthcare worker’s advocacy and participation in team efforts can play a vigorous role in preventing the increasing number of HCAIs in patients.The routine data collection of the CAUTIs should be more standardised to determine the scale of the risk associated with CAUTIs , in oder to develop the longitudinal database of catheterised patients and to provide essential data which infection control initiatives in hospital and community care can be evaluated and major obstacles will certainly strengthen epidemiological analysis of impact and risk of CAUTIs. The healthcare workers should have adhered to and shown more positive intentions to comply with hand hygiene guidelines and procedures.Healthcare workers should need to be educated regarding the awareness of skin damage and the value of regular, frequent use of hand hygiene. Hospital trusts and community care should have had procedures and delivered board with agreement that infection and prevention control is the responsibility of all healthcare workers and should have complied with the Code of Practice and should followed with good infection control practice for performance objectives. References Addison, R. , Foxley, S. , 2008. Role in Urinary Catheter Management. London: Blackwell Publishing ltd. Atkins, C. , Greenwood, N. Habibi, R. , Mackenzie, A. , 2011. General practitioners, primary care and support for carers in England. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd Badoz M. , Berntrand X. , Crouzet, J. , Husson, D. ,2007 Control of the duration of urinary catheterization: impact on catheter-associated urinary tract infection, Journal of Hospital Infection, 67(3), pp. 253-275. Bissett, L. , 2005. Reducing the risk of catheter urinary tract infection. Nursing Times. 22 March 101(12) p. 64 Boyce. M. , Pittet, D. , 2002. Research: The impact of wearing gloves on adherence to hand hygience policy. Nursing Times, 103(38), pp 46–48.Charlett, A. , Pearson, A. , Wilson J. , 2009 Pitfalls in the comparison of the country prevalence of healthcare-associated infections. Hospital Infection Journal, 13 January, 69 (3) pp. 23-48 Creedon, A. , 2008. Hand hygiene compliance: exploring variations in practice between hospitals. Nursing Times, 104(49), pp. 32–35. Cole, M. , 2007. Nurses take a pragmatic approach to hand hygiene. Nursing Times. 103(3), pp. 32-33. Department of Health, 2003. Surveillance of Healthcare-Associated Infections. [online] Available at: [Accessed 30 April 2012]. Department of Health, 2004.Audit tools for monitoring infection control standards 2004. [online] Available at: [Accessed on 14 March 2012] Department of Health, 2006. Infection Control Nurses Association. [online] Available at:http://www. dh. gov. uk/en/statistics/Policy [Accessed on 14 March 2012]. Doebbeling, B. , Flanagan, M. , Hoke, S. , Welsh, C. , 2012. Reducing healthcare-associated infections; Lessons learned from a national collaborative of regional HAI programs. American Journal of Infection Control. [e-journal] 40 (1) pp29-34, Available through: CINAHL [Accessed on 25 April 2012]. Dougherty, L. , Lister, S. , 2011.The Royal Marsden Hospital Manual Clinical Nursing Procedures. 8th edition. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell El-Masri, M. , Oldfield, M. , 2012. Exploring the influence of enforcing infection control directives on the risk of developing healthcare-associated infections in the intensive care unit. Journal of Hospital Infection. 891), pp26-21. Erasmus, V. , Kumperus H. , Oenema, F. , richardus, C. , 2010. Improving hand hygiene behaviour of nurses using action planning: a pilot study in the intensive care unit and surgical ward, Journal of Hospital Infection, 76(2), pp. 161-164. Gamage, B. , Grant, J. , Schall, S. , 2012.Identifying the gaps in infection prevention and control resources for long–term care facilities in British Columbia. American Journal of Infection Control. [e-journal 40 (2) pp150-154, Available through: CINAHL. [Accessed 25 April 2012]. Getliffe, K. , Newton, T. , 2006. Catheter-Associated urinary tract infection in primary and community health care. Available at: [Accessed 23 April 2012] Hadaway, L. , 2009. Preventing Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections. Nursing Times, 25 September, 2(5), pp 50-55. Health Protection Ag ency, 2005. Continous Optimism as HAIs Rates. [online] Available at: [Accessed 27 April 2012]Health Protection Agency, 2008. Healthcare-Associated Infections. [online] Available at: [Accessed 27 April 2012] Humphries (2011), Preventing and Controlling the Risk of Post-operative Surgical-site Infections. [online] Available at: [Accessed 30 April 2012] Jeanes, A. , 2005. Putting on Gloves. Nursing Times, 19 July, 101 (29) p28. Loveday, P. , Pellowe J. , Pratt J. , 2007. The epic project for preventing healthcare associated infections. Journal Hospital Infection. 93(5), pp. 47-82. McGuckin, M. , 2004. Evaluation of a patient education model for increasing hand hygiene compliance in an inpatient rehabilitation unit.American Journal of Infection  Control, 32(4) pp. 235-238. National Audit Of? ce, 2006. The Provision of out of hours care in England. [online] Available at: http://www. nao. org. uk/publications/0506/out-of-hours_care_in_england. aspx [Accessed on 25 March 2012] National A udit Office, 2008. Reducing Healthcare Associated Infections in Hospitals in England. [online] Available at: www. nao. org. uk/idoc. ashx [Accessed 25 April 2012] National Audit Office, 2011. National Audit Office Annual Report for 2011. [online] Available at: [Accessed 25 April 2012]. Nicolle, C. 2008, Strategies to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infections in acute care hospitals, [e-journal] 30(4), Available through: Medline, [Accessed 29 April 2012]. National Health Service, 2004. NHS Professionals Infection Control Policy. [online] Available at: [Accessed 3 may 2012]. National Health Service, 2006. Healthcare-Associated Infections. [online] Available at: [Accessed 25 April 2012]. National Hand Hygiene NHS Campaign, 2007. Compliance with Hand hygiene 2nd Audit. [online] Available at: [Accessed 2 May 2012]. National Healthcare Safety Network ,2011. Data and Statistic NHSN Annual Reports. online] Available at: [Accessed 24 April 2012]. Nursing & Midwifery Council, 2002. The Code of Professional Conduct. [online] Available at: [Accessed 25 April 2012]. Nursing & Midwifery Council. 2004. Code of Professional Conduct, The Scope of Professional Practice, and Guidelines for Professional Practice. [online] Available at: [Accessed 25 April 2012]. Nursing & Midwifery Council, 2008. The code: Standards of conduct, performance and ethics for nurses and midwives. [online] Available at: [Accessed 13 March 2012]. Parliament, 2009. Report on healthcare associated infections. [online] Available at: [Accessed on 20 March 2012]Parliament, 2011. Reducing Healthcare-Assocaited Infections in Hospitals in England. [online] Available at: [Accessed on 28 March 2012] Pellowe, M. , 2004. The evidence-base for national evidence-based for preventing healthcare-associated infections in NHS. Oxford: Blackwell publiching Ltd. Pellowe , C. , 2009. Infection Prevention Guidelines – Best Practice. London: Blackwell publishing ltd. Perry, C. , 2007. Infection Prevention Con trol. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Pessoa, L. , Silva E. , 2004. Dynamics of bacterial hand contamination during routine neonatal care. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 25(3) pp. 187-188.Pittet D. , 2002, Glove use and hand hygiene. Nursing Times, 103(38), pp. 46–48. Quan, K. , 2006. The everything new nurse. Massachusetts: Adams Media Rosenthal, D. , 2005. Reduction in nosocomial infection with improved hand hygiene in intensive care units of a tertiary care hospital in Argentina. American Journal of Infection Control, 33(7), pp. 392-397. Royal College of Nursing, 2008. Infection Prevention and Control, [online] Available at: [Accessed 27 April 2012]. Royal College of Nursing, 2011. Essential Practice for Infection Prevention and Control. Available at: [Accessed 5 May 2012]. The Health Protection Scotland, 2009.Reports on emerging infections and other incidents of public health importance. [online] Available at: [Accessed 29 April 2012]. The Kings Fund 2012. Heal thcare-Associated Infections. [online] Available at: [Accessed on 23 March 2012]. Trick, E. , 2003 Impact of ring wearing on hand contamination and comparison of hand hygiene agents in a hospital. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 36 (1), pp. 1383-1390. Wendt, C. ,2004. Differences in hand hygiene behaviour related to the contamination risk of healthcare activities in different groups of healthcare workers. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 25(3), pp 203-206. Words= 3998

Rocking Horse Winner Essay Example

Rocking Horse Winner Essay Example Rocking Horse Winner Essay Rocking Horse Winner Essay â€Å"For the love of money is the root of all evil. † in the short story, The Rocking Horse Winner by D. H Lawrence. The story is centered on Paul, a persistent young boy, who remains selfless in his quest to make his mother, Hester, a happy wealthy woman. Paul shows loyalty throughout the story, never giving up on bringing luck into his mother’s life. The happiness of his mother, motivates Paul to continue gambling on horse races. His naive belief that money would cure his mother’s depression over being well-off, ultimately leads to Paul’s early unfortunate death. Paul’s persistency began when he discovered that his mother believe that they were born with no luck. â€Å"If you’re lucky, you have money†, Hester explains to Paul. His mission was to change his mother’s mind and show her that the family indeed was lucky. Paul solicited the help of the family’s gardener, Basset, and pleads with him to bet on a horse on his behalf. After sensing unsatisfactory with the money sent to her anonymously, Paul felt he hadn’t done enough to make his mother feel lucky. The young boy road the horse day and night, not sleeping or eating, seeking the name of the winner. When you have a goal, persistency helps you achieve that goal. Paul loves his mother, therefore, the love he has for Hester motivated him to do whatever it took to make her happy. When Hester revealed that she felt unlucky, it sadden him. It’s troubling to hear of a love one hurting, struggling, and unhappy with the life they’ve been given. Paul’s loyalty to his mother was obsessive and detrimental to his health. Doing things for the ones you love should always have boundaries and not cause harm in the process of trying to help. Dedicated and loyal Paul, crawled from his sick bed and onto the rocking horse, to achieve his final win in the name of making Hester lucky. In life you come across people that are hard to satisfy and please. Hester was happy momentary with the winnings and spent the money lavishly. She had begun to earn extra money sketching figures of women in the latest fashions. Paul seemly had reached his goal of making her happy. However, Hester did not make much money and the money from the horse races dwindled. To Paul’s dismay, Hester remained unhappy. He whole heartedly believed the five pound would cure his mother’s depression. Paul’s naive thinking was one of a child, in which he was. Money does not always solve every problem and that’s a lesson Paul died learning. Throughout the house there’s a whisper, â€Å"There must be more money. † haunting the family. Hester and her husband married for love, not financial gain. The love in Hester’s marriage soon runs dry and she began to resent the path she has chosen in life. The whispers in the short story symbolizes the family desire for money. Always wondering where their next source of income would come from, the haunted house added more pressure to have money to the family. â€Å"There must be more money†, resounding through the house, is a constant reminder of their financial troubles. Everyone hears the whispers, but no one acknowledges it aloud. The whispers could have been used as a source of motivation to have better careers, and work harder to reach the financial status desired. Instead of using the taunting words in a positive light, the family, mainly Hester, fell into a depression. Paul’s rocking horse was given to him on Christmas morning. The rocking horse was a great gift for Paul because he had a love for horses. He also enjoyed the horse races and always stayed up to date with what was going on in the race world. Riding the rocking horse led to Paul gambling. He felt his uncle had past luck to him and would now be successful in winning. The rocking horse gave Paul the power to know which horse would win the race, therefore, allowing him to place a bet on the correct horse and win. The rocking horse is the devil in the form of a toy. Enabling obsession, with winning and money, Paul fell to the powers of the horse. On his last lap, young Paul saw who the winner of the derby would be. He had no concern with his health, his only desire was be sure of the winner. Poisoned with the thought that money was the answer to being lucky, Paul died on the back of his favorite toy, the rocking horse. The desire to be well-off came with a price and Paul paid it, to ensure his mother’s luck and happiness.

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buy custom Computer Systems essay There are many types of objectionable files that can be found on computer systems. Other than viruses attack that infect computer systems day in day out, there are many other forms of objectionable files and publications like pornography which ranges from movies with highly or mild sexual images, nude pictures, computer games depicting sexual violence and other sexual exploitation materials (Rosenman, 2009). Contrary to the belief that these materials must be necessarily files, there are other acts that amount to objectionable behavior such as sexual grooming of the underage. Another form of unwanted file in a computer system is Trojan horse. Nick (1999) defines a compute virus as a program normally designed by programmers and it spreads through infecting executable files or hard and floppy disks initially before multiplying in the whole system. They not only infect program files but any form of executable code. A different form of virus referred to as macro virus has the ability of infecting spreadsheet and word processing documents which use macros. Trojan horse is a harmful program that is frequently confused with viruses. It is a program that assumes the shape of something else, like a game or a movie. For example you may thing it is your downloaded game but when you run, it messes up other files on the hard drive by may be deleting them (Nick, 1999). There are many sources of objectionable files; this is the main reason why they keep on circulating all over the world. Out of all the sources, the internet serves as the major source of Trojans, viruses and other unwanted content. In most cases they come about due to downloading free or small-charge software on the internet, the developers attach them to these free software applicatios to help them cover overhead charges (Mckay, 2010). Sharing of applications on shared networks leads to spread of unwanted files. There also are other questionable websites which are full of objectionable content or files. Visiting them can also generate malicious files to downloaded automatically and get installed in the computer. HTML documents with JavaScript or other executable files code can spread malicious files. These form of objectionable files spread through, in the case of a virus, executing a program code that has been infected by a virus hence infecting other programs when it runs. This can happen on the same computer or on other computers that are connected together on the same network. Sharing a copy of an infected file with other with other computer users leads to infection or transfer of these infected. Other forms of viruses referred to as multipartite spread through both infecting the floppy disks boot areas and infecting the files. Unauthorized users or otherwise referred to as intruders can also access your computer system and install objectionable files or copy pornographic materials on your computer system (Barry, 2010). Mellon (2006) observes that there are many websites that expose children to pornographic content and child predators. Pedophiles often pose as good people in some sites such as social networks with an intention of luring them into bad acts. Chat rooms are a source of objectionable file especially when it allows sending of executable code. Additionally email spoofing that can easily trick the users to attempt into making objectionable statements. Ways a Technician can use to Detect Objectionable Files on a Computer System. As a professional, a technician has various ways of detecting that a system/s they are charged witth are infected with objectionable files, whether viruses or pornographic content. There are several symptom signals that a computer is probably infected. First of all, incase of viruses or Trojan horses, PC will start working slowly. These contents have the ability of really slowing down a computer system and often it can take a longer time than usual to restart or sometimes the internet connections become very slow (Nick, 1999). Secondly, according to Mana Media (2004) new desktop shortcuts may appear or there can be alterations on home page. These are good signs of virus infections because they sometimes tamper with internet settings or redirect with you computers default home page settings a different unwanted web sites. They also go to an extent of adding new shortcuts on the computers desktop. Sometimes one may experience annoying popups on the computer. This is as a result of the objectionable files ability to swap the computer with bothering popup ads eve if the user is not connected to the internet, whereas secretly monitoring and tracking the browsing behavior and collecting the users personal information. Strange as it may sound, a technician can also detect whether a PC is infected with objectionable content if there are e-mails being sent from your mailbox to unknown destinations and you did not actually write them. For instance if Trojan find its way into a computer system, it attain total control of your mailbox (Mellon, 2006). By so doing, it starts generating and sending e-mails attached with viruses, spam, e-mail hoaxes and other malicious contents to other recipients. These are not exclusive ways of detecting objectionable files but the most common ones that can easily alert a technician or any other computer user that there must be something wrong with the system. Buy custom Computer Systems essay

Humanism and the Humanistic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Humanism and the Humanistic - Essay Example Charles Schulz is one of the present day heroes. Even in his death, he remains a hero of the modern days. His great works in the field of arts and writing significantly changed the way people view the world in a positive way. He was an artist, a cartoonist and an illustrator who designed the popular Peanuts comic strip. Some of the favorite characters in the strip were Charlie Brown and Snoopy. Men, women, and children around the globe could not help falling in love with the subjects. For about a half a century, Charles Schulz remained an extraordinary person in the world of cartoons. He won over millions with his observations on human conditions, wry humor, and occasional flights of fancy. Schulz was born in November 26, 1922 from a peasant family. His father was a barber wand his mother a homemaker. According to Mendelson and Melendez, Schulz was shy and small in small as compared to his classmates (59). At Richard Gordon Elementary School, he hid both his intelligence and growing artistic skills since his schoolmates and family did not prize these qualities. Despite all these circumstances, Charles Schulz could not hide his ability anymore. Through his vast and impressive artistic skills, he helped fellow young boys and girls draw. In high school, Schulz mother was severely sick from the then incurable cervical cancer. His grades at school began to take a downward slope. However, Schulz did not give up on his drawing abilities (Mendelson and Melendez  169). He had a dream of changing people’s lives through artworks. He thus joined art lessons with an emphasis on cartooning at Federal School. After finishing high school, he took up some odd jobs to make life sustainable. He tried to send out comic strips to magazines for printing but to no avail. He joined the army life, a lonely life far away from his ailing mum. He got the first glimpse of his bright future when he left the army and started

Critical Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical Summary - Essay Example But these feelings of human beings cannot be regarded as emotions. Feelings can be necessary but not crucial component of emotions. Despite notifying that feelings are not sufficient component, it can be regarded as contingent components. Lastly, feelings are not components but can be detecting emotions. The author reveals that the views of Fundamental Axiom on feeling can be right and wrong. From author point of view,emotions can be felt without any other components. Some of the strategies implemented for the explanation of feeling are Contingent Part View and Non-Part View. Jesse Prinzbelieves that defenders of these strategies have right to state that there can be emotions without feelings. But author is not supportive on the views of defenders (Prinz, 2005). Emotions of any individual can be unconscious. Whenever emotions are felt, then emotions can be regarded as the part of feelings. Emotions can be viewed as unconscious when emotions are interoceptive states. The evidence of a necdotal also proves that emotions can be unconscious. Experimental, theoretical and anecdotal reasons prove that emotions are not always felt. Sometimes emotions can be felt and then it is the time to suggest that feeling is emotions. The patterned change in human body can create conscious perception. This can eventually lead to emotions. I strongly support on the qualified version of emotion theory provided by Jesse Prinz. Extensive evidence on article indicates that emotions are feelings. Emotions can be experienced by the result of bodily changes. When perceptions of the bodily changes are conscious, then feelings can be regarded as the components of emotions. Bodily changes can occur unconsciously and then emotions are not felt. Emotion of an individual can be characterized by the mental stateand psychological experiences. Emotions help other to understand our feelings. It is easier to communicate with other people with